Instabilities of Gauged Q-Balls

TL;DR

This paper analytically demonstrates that angular-dependent perturbations can destabilize gauged Q-balls, providing explicit instability conditions and validating predictions with numerical results.

Contribution

It offers the first analytical framework for gauged Q-ball stability considering angular perturbations, aligning with previous numerical findings.

Findings

Angular perturbations can cause instabilities in gauged Q-balls.

Explicit instability conditions are derived.

Analytical predictions agree with numerical results.

Abstract

We present the first analytical calculation that shows that perturbations with angular dependence can lead to an instability in gauged Q-balls. We find an explicit condition on the parameters for the Q-ball to become unstable. We compare our predictions to the numerical calculation in Kinach et al., and show agreement, including a correct prediction of the instability/stability of the two parameter points analyzed in that paper.