Note on $Spin(3,1)$ tensors, the Dirac field and $GL(k, \mathbb{R})$ symmetry

TL;DR

This paper explores the structure of $Spin(3,1)$ tensors, their decomposition into Majorana bispinors, and the resulting symmetries, including a new $GL(k, ext{R})$ symmetry and its implications for Dirac fields.

Contribution

It introduces a novel analysis of $Spin(3,1)$ tensors' rank decomposition, revealing new symmetries and conserved currents in Dirac field formulations.

Findings

Decomposition of $Spin(3,1)$ tensors into Majorana bispinors yields $2k$ bispinors.

The $GL(k, ext{R})$ symmetry leads to a new conserved current.

In the $k=1$ case, all internal symmetries form the $SO(2,1)$ group.

Abstract

We show that the rank decomposition of a real matrix $r$, which is a $Spin(3,1)$ tensor, leads to $2k$ Majorana bispinors, where $k= rank\: r$. The Majorana bispinors are determined up to local $GL(k, \mathbb{R})$ transformations. The bispinors are combined in pairs to form $k$ complex Dirac fields. We analyze in detail the case $k=1$, in which there is just one Dirac field with the standard Lagrangian. The $GL(1, \mathbb{R})$ symmetry gives rise to a new conserved current, different from the well known $U(1)$ current. The $U(1)$ symmetry is present too. All global continuous internal symmetries in the $k=1$ case form the $SO(2,1)$ group. As a side result, we clarify the discussed in literature issue whether there exist algebraic constraints for the matrix $r$ which would be equivalent to the condition $rank\: r=1$.