Spinor Bose-Einstein condensates subject to current-density interactions

TL;DR

This paper explores how current-density interactions induce chiral properties in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, leading to nonlinear spin-orbit coupling, and analyzes the stability of various stationary states.

Contribution

It introduces a novel model incorporating current-density interactions in spinor BECs, revealing chiral effects and nonlinear states with stability analysis.

Findings

Chirality influences the spectrum of stationary states.

Polarization and Josephson currents destabilize certain states.

Stable nonlinear states can be formed from superpositions of plane waves.

Abstract

Recently achieved chiral condensates open intriguing avenues for the study of the chiral properties induced by current-density interactions. An attempt to include these features in a spinor system is presented, which gives rise to a nonlinear, effective spin-orbit coupling that emerges from the differential orbital currents, along with constraints in the conserved quantities due to the linear coupling between spin components. Chirality pervades the resulting spectrum of stationary states and their dynamical stability, which are explored in plane waves, dark and bright solitons, and Josephson vortices. Our analytical and numerical results reveal the destabilizing role of polarization and Josephson currents, and support the existence of stable nonlinear states built of linear superpositions of plane waves.