Dirac spin liquid in quantum dipole arrays

TL;DR

This paper predicts a gapless U(1) Dirac spin liquid phase in a 2D array of quantum dipoles, specifically on the kagome lattice, and proposes experimental methods for its realization and detection.

Contribution

It demonstrates the emergence of a U(1) Dirac spin liquid in dipolar XY models on kagome lattices and suggests practical adiabatic preparation techniques.

Findings

Identification of gapless, linearly-dispersing spinons

Proposal of adiabatic preparation via staggered fields

Detection signatures like edge modes and Friedel response

Abstract

We predict that the gapless $U(1)$ Dirac spin liquid naturally emerges in a two-dimensional array of quantum dipoles. In particular, we demonstrate that the dipolar XY model$\unicode{x2014}$realized in both Rydberg atom arrays and ultracold polar molecules$\unicode{x2014}$hosts a quantum spin liquid ground state on the kagome lattice. Large-scale density matrix renormalization group calculations indicate that this spin liquid exhibits signatures of gapless, linearly-dispersing spinons, consistent with the $U(1)$ Dirac spin liquid. We identify a route to adiabatic preparation via staggered on-site fields and demonstrate that this approach can prepare cold spin liquids within experimentally realistic time-scales. Finally, we propose a number of novel signatures of the Dirac spin liquid tailored to near-term quantum simulators, including termination-dependent edge modes and the Friedel response to a local perturbation.