Three-flavor Collective Neutrino Oscillations on D-Wave's {\tt Advantage} Quantum Annealer

TL;DR

This paper explores simulating three-flavor neutrino oscillations in dense environments using D-Wave's quantum annealer, comparing its performance to classical simulations and analyzing its scalability and accuracy.

Contribution

It demonstrates the feasibility of using a quantum annealer for simulating complex neutrino interactions and provides insights into its accuracy and scalability limitations.

Findings

Quantum annealer reproduces small-system neutrino evolution accurately.

No Trotter errors observed in the quantum annealer simulations.

Scaling issues limit the number of neutrinos that can be simulated.

Abstract

In extreme environments such as core-collapse supernovae, neutron-star mergers, and the early Universe, neutrinos are dense enough that their self-interactions significantly affect, if not dominate, their flavor dynamics. In order to develop techniques for characterizing the resulting quantum entanglement, I present the results of simulations of Dirac neutrino-neutrino interactions that include all three physical neutrino flavors and were performed on D-Wave Inc.'s {\tt Advantage} 5000+ qubit quantum annealer. These results are checked against those from exact classical simulations, which are also used to compare the Dirac neutrino-neutrino interactions to neutrino-antineutrino and Majorana neutrino-neutrino interactions. The D-Wave {\tt Advantage} annealer is shown to be able to reproduce time evolution with the precision of a classical machine for small numbers of neutrinos and to do so without Trotter errors. However, it suffers from poor scaling in qubit-count with the number of neutrinos.