TL;DR
This paper introduces a dynamic formulation of the slack bus in power systems, redefining its constraints as differential equations and exploring its role in various grid components and control strategies.
Contribution
It presents a novel dynamic framework for the slack bus, unifying different grid components and control modes under a differential equation-based model.
Findings
Swing equations can be seen as distributed, dynamic slack buses.
The framework encompasses primary and secondary frequency regulation.
Passive loads and converters are integrated into the dynamic slack bus model.
Abstract
This letter proposes a general dynamic formulation of slack bus. With this aim, the angle constraint imposed by the slack bus is redefined as a set of differential equations and an energy source. The existence and role of the transient component of this source is also discussed in the letter. Based on this framework, the letter shows that the swing equations of synchronous machines can be interpreted as distributed, dynamic, multi-variable, local slack buses. Other relevant cases, including primary and secondary frequency regulation, passive loads as well as grid following and grid forming converters are discussed.
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Taxonomy
TopicsEmbedded Systems Design Techniques · Embedded Systems and FPGA Design · Embedded Systems and FPGA Applications
MethodsSparse Evolutionary Training