Comparison of non-decoy single-photon source and decoy weak coherent pulse in quantum key distribution

TL;DR

This paper compares the performance of non-decoy single-photon sources with decoy weak coherent pulses in quantum key distribution, showing potential advantages of SPSs for short-range secure communication.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of SPSs versus WCPs in QKD, including finite-key optimization and photon statistics, highlighting conditions where SPSs outperform WCPs.

Findings

SPS with mean photon number 0.5 and $g^{(2)}(0)=3.6 ext{%}$ can outperform WCP in secure key rate.

SPSs increase maximum tolerable channel loss at certain block sizes.

SPSs are promising for short-range QKD network enhancements.

Abstract

Advancements in practical single-photon sources (SPS) exhibiting high brightness and low $g^{(2)}(0)$ have garnered significant interest for their application in quantum key distribution (QKD). To assess their QKD performance, it is essential to compare them with the widely employed weak coherent pulses (WCPs) in the decoy state method. In this work, we analyze the non-decoy efficient BB84 protocol for an SPS, partially characterising its photon statistics by its $g^{(2)}(0)$ and mean photon number. We compare it to the 2-decoy efficient BB84 with WCPs within the finite-key analysis framework while optimizing the parameters of both protocols. Our findings indicate that the non-decoy SPS with a mean photon number of $\langle n \rangle = 0.5$ and $g^{(2)}(0) = 3.6\%$ can enhance the secure key generation over the 2-decoy WCP for block sizes under $4.66 \cdot 10^9$ sent signals ($29$ seconds of acquisition time) at a channel loss of $10$ dB ($52.5$ km of optical fibre). Additionally, we demonstrate an increase in the maximum tolerable channel loss for SPSs with mean photon number $\langle n \rangle \geq 0.0142$ at block sizes below $10^8$ sent signals ($0.62$ seconds of acquisition time). These results suggest that SPSs hold potential for key rate enhancement in short-range QKD networks, though further research is required to evaluate their key generation capabilities when integrated into the decoy method.