Rearrangement of single atoms in a 2000-site optical tweezers array at cryogenic temperatures

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the trapping and rearrangement of over 800 single rubidium atoms in a large cryogenic optical tweezer array, advancing quantum simulation and information processing capabilities.

Contribution

It introduces a novel cryogenic optical tweezer setup with in-vacuum objectives and demonstrates atom-by-atom rearrangement in a large array.

Findings

Trapped up to 2088 atoms in cryogenic conditions

Successfully rearranged 828 atoms into a target array

Achieved stable trapping at 6 K temperature

Abstract

We report on the trapping of single rubidium atoms in large arrays of optical tweezers comprising up to 2088 sites in a cryogenic environment at 6 K. Our approach relies on the use of microscope objectives that are in-vacuum but at room temperature, in combination with windowless thermal shields into which the objectives are protruding to ensure a cryogenic environment for the trapped atoms. To achieve enough optical power for efficient trapping, we combine two lasers at slightly different wavelengths. We discuss the performance and limitations of our design. Finally, we demonstrate atom-by-atom rearrangement of an 828-atom target array using moving optical tweezers controlled by a field-programmable gate array.