Conceptual Design of a Doppler Spectrometer for 10$^2$ m/s Cross-Field Flows in Tokamak Divertors

TL;DR

This paper presents a conceptual design for a Doppler spectrometer capable of measuring cross-field flows in tokamak divertors with 100 m/s accuracy, addressing a key diagnostic challenge in plasma physics.

Contribution

It introduces a novel spectrometer design utilizing astrophysical wavelength calibration techniques to measure impurity flows in tokamaks with high precision.

Findings

Wavelength accuracy scaling relation is derived.

System's feasibility is confirmed through transport simulations.

High wavelength resolution is crucial for measurement accuracy.

Abstract

It has been theoretically predicted that the \ExB drift caused by the spontaneously generated potential in scrape-off-layers (SOLs) and divertors in tokamaks is of a similar size to the poloidal component of the parallel flow and turbulent flow, thereby it significantly impacts on the plasma transport there. Many experiments indeed have implied the role of the electric potential, however, its direct observation through its \ExB flow measurement has never been realized because the drift velocity ($10^2$--$10^3$ m/s) is significantly below the detection limit of existing diagnostics. To realize a cross-field ion flow measurement, variety of systematic uncertainties of the system must be narrowed down. Here, we develop a conceptual design of the Doppler spectrometry that enables to measure the impurity flows with $10^2$-m/s accuracy, based on an in-situ wavelength-calibration techniques developed in astrophysics field, the iodine-cell method. We discuss its properties and applicability. In particular, the scaling relation of the wavelength accuracy and various spectroscopic parameters is newly presented, which suggests the high importance of the wavelength resolution of the system. Based on transport simulations for the JT-60SA divertor, the feasibility of the system is assessed.