Diphoton Signals of Muon-philic Scalars at DarkQuest

TL;DR

This paper explores DarkQuest's potential to detect muon-philic scalars decaying into photons, which could explain the muon g-2 anomaly, by analyzing production mechanisms, backgrounds, and sensitivities.

Contribution

It demonstrates DarkQuest's capability to probe muon-philic scalars relevant to the muon g-2 anomaly, considering production, detection, and background mitigation strategies.

Findings

DarkQuest can test the muon g-2 favored parameter space.

Muons can produce scalars efficiently near the dump end.

Background suppression is feasible for signal detection.

Abstract

We analyze the unique capability of the DarkQuest proton beam-dump experiment at Fermilab to discover new light resonances decaying into photons. As an example model, we focus on muon-philic scalar particles that decay to photons. This is one of the few minimal models that can address the $(g-2)_\mu$ anomaly at low mass. These scalars can be copiously produced by meson decays and muon bremsstrahlung. We point out that thanks to DarkQuest's compact geometry, muons can propagate through the dump and efficiently produce dark scalars near the end of the dump. This mechanism enables DarkQuest to be sensitive to both long-lived and prompt scalars. At the same time, di-photon signatures are generically not background free, and we discuss in detail the different sources of background and strategies to mitigate them. We find that the backgrounds can be sufficiently reduced for DarkQuest to test currently-viable $(g-2)_\mu$ parameter space.