Standardizing the Gamma-ray burst as a standard candle and applying to the cosmological probes: constraints on the two-component dark energy model

TL;DR

This paper standardizes gamma-ray bursts as cosmic distance indicators using a fundamental plane relation and applies them to constrain two-component dark energy models, comparing results with supernova data.

Contribution

It introduces a new standardization method for GRBs based on a fundamental plane relation and applies it to test complex dark energy models in cosmology.

Findings

GRBs can be standardized using the $L_{b,z}-T_{b,z}$ and $L_{b,z}-T_{b,z}-E_{p,i}$ relations.

Constraints on dark energy parameters are obtained from GRB and supernova data.

The $ ext{w}$CDM model is statistically favored over the two-component dark energy model.

Abstract

As one of the most energetic and brightest events, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been used as a standard candle for cosmological probe. Based on the relevant features of GRBs light curves, a plateau phase followed a decay phase, we obtain X-ray samples of 31 GRBs and optical samples of 50 GRBs, which are thought to be caused by the same physical mechanism. We standardize GRBs using the two-dimension fundamental plane relation of the rest-frame luminosity of the plateau emission ($L_{b,z}$) and the end time of plateau ($T_{b,z}$) $L_{b,z}-T_{b,z}$, as well as the three-dimension fundamental plane correlation including the peak energy ($E_{p,i}$) $L_{b,z}-T_{b,z}-E_{p,i}$. For the cosmological probes, we consider the $\omega$CDM model in which the dark energy consists of one component, and mainly focus on the $X_1X_2$CDM model in which the dark energy is made up of two independent components. We obtain the constraints on the related parameters of the cosmological models using the type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) data and selected X-ray and optical samples. For the $X_1X_2$CDM model, we find that the values of the equations of state parameters of two dark energies, $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$, are very close. We also conduct the comparison between the models using the Bayesian information criterion, and find that the $\omega$CDM model is favoured.