Modified 3D Massive Abelian 2-From Theory with a Single Pseudo-Scalar Field as a Phantom Field: BRST Approach

TL;DR

This paper develops the BRST and anti-BRST symmetry framework for a modified 3D Abelian 2-form gauge theory with a pseudo-scalar field, revealing new insights into its constraints and conserved charges relevant for cosmology and dark matter models.

Contribution

It introduces a novel BRST analysis for a modified massive 3D Abelian 2-form gauge theory with a pseudo-scalar field, including nilpotent charges and CF-type restrictions.

Findings

Pseudo-scalar field appears in first-class constraints

Noether BRST charges are non-nilpotent

Derived BRST invariant Lagrangians and algebra

Abstract

We obtain the off-shell nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations (corresponding to the infinitesimal classical gauge symmetry transformations) for the modified massive three $(2+1)$-dimensional (3D) Abelian 2-form gauge theory with a single pseudo-scalar field. The latter field (having the negative kinetic term and a well-defined mass) has already been shown (i) to exist in the modified version of the standard 3D St${\ddot u}$ckelberg formalism (on the solid mathematical grounds), (ii) to be a possible candidate for the ``phantom" field of some of the cosmological models of the Universe, and (iii) to be a possible candidate for dark matter. A couple of highlights of our present endeavor are (i) the observation that, even though the pseudo-scalar field does not transform under the gauge and (anti-)BRST symmetry transformations, it appears in the first-class constraints which annihilate the physical states at the quantum level, and (ii) the Noether conserved (anti-)BRST charges are found to be non-nilpotent. In our present investigation, we derive (i) the coupled (but equivalent) BRST and anti-BRST invariant Lagrangian densities, (ii) the conserved and off-shell nilpotent versions of the (anti-)BRST charges and the conserved ghost charge, (iii) the (anti-)BRST invariant Curci-Ferrari (CF) type restrictions, and (iv) the standard BRST algebra amongst the conserved and nilpotent (anti-)BRST charges and conserved ghost charge of our theory.