Error Crafting in Mixed Quantum Gate Synthesis

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method to craft and suppress remnant errors in mixed quantum gate synthesis, enabling more accurate and efficient fault-tolerant quantum computing by controlling error properties.

Contribution

It demonstrates that classical characterizability can be used to craft remnant errors with desirable properties, surpassing traditional twirling methods, and achieves cubic error suppression for Pauli rotation gates.

Findings

Remnant errors can be crafted to be Pauli and depolarizing errors.

Cubic order suppression of remnant errors for Pauli rotation gates.

Achieves high-precision synthesis with T-count logarithmic in inverse accuracy.

Abstract

In fault-tolerant quantum computing, errors in unitary gate synthesis is comparable with noise inherent in the gates themselves. While mixed synthesis can suppress such coherent errors quadratically, there is no clear understanding on its remnant error, which hinders us from designing a holistic and practical error countermeasure. In this work, we propose that the classical characterizability of synthesis error can be exploited; remnant errors can be crafted to satisfy desirable properties. We prove that we can craft the remnant error of arbitrary single-qubit unitaries to be Pauli and depolarizing errors, while the conventional twirling cannot be applied in general. For Pauli rotation gates, in particular, the crafting enables us to suppress the remnant error up to cubic order, which results in synthesis with a T-count of $\log_2(1/\varepsilon)$ up to accuracy of $\varepsilon=10^{-9}$. Our work opens a novel avenue in quantum circuit design and architecture that orchestrates error countermeasures.