Warp-centric GPU meta-meshing and fast triangulation of billion-scale lattice structures

TL;DR

This paper introduces a warp-centric GPU pipeline for rapid meta-meshing and triangulation of billion-scale lattice structures, significantly reducing computation time and memory usage compared to previous methods.

Contribution

It proposes a novel warp-centric GPU approach with data compression and workload balancing for efficient meta-meshing of large lattice structures.

Findings

Achieves two orders of magnitude speedup over previous methods

Handles billion-scale lattice structures efficiently

Reduces memory and compute requirements for triangulation

Abstract

Lattice structures have been widely used in applications due to their superior mechanical properties. To fabricate such structures, a geometric processing step called triangulation is often employed to transform them into the STL format before sending them to 3D printers. Because lattice structures tend to have high geometric complexity, this step usually generates a large amount of triangles, a memory and compute-intensive task. This problem manifests itself clearly through large-scale lattice structures that have millions or billions of struts. To address this problem, this paper proposes to transform a lattice structure into an intermediate model called meta-mesh before undergoing real triangulation. Compared to triangular meshes, meta-meshes are very lightweight and much less compute-demanding. The meta-mesh can also work as a base mesh reusable for conveniently and efficiently triangulating lattice structures with arbitrary resolutions. A CPU+GPU asynchronous meta-meshing pipeline has been developed to efficiently generate meta-meshes from lattice structures. It shifts from the thread-centric GPU algorithm design paradigm commonly used in CAD to the recent warp-centric design paradigm to achieve high performance. This is achieved by a new data compression method, a GPU cache-aware data structure, and a workload-balanced scheduling method that can significantly reduce memory divergence and branch divergence. Experimenting with various billion-scale lattice structures, the proposed method is seen to be two orders of magnitude faster than previously achievable.