Unbounded entropy production and violent fragmentation for repulsive-to-attractive interaction quench in long-range interacting systems

TL;DR

This paper explores the complex non-equilibrium dynamics of a long-range interacting Bose gas after a sudden interaction switch, revealing violent fragmentation, chaotic delocalization, and unbounded entropy production, with implications for experimental systems.

Contribution

It demonstrates the unbounded entropy production and violent fragmentation in long-range interacting systems after a quench, extending understanding beyond contact interactions.

Findings

Relaxation involves violent fragmentation and chaotic delocalization.

Relaxed states show classical gaseous characteristics.

Universal dynamics observed in both bosonic and fermionic systems.

Abstract

We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of a one-dimensional Bose gas with long-range interactions that decay as $(\frac{1}{r^{\alpha}})$ $(0.5 < \alpha <4.0$). We investigate exotic dynamics when the interactions are suddenly switched from strongly repulsive to strongly attractive, a procedure known to generate super-Tonks-Girardeau gases in systems with contact interactions. We find that relaxation is achieved through a complex intermediate dynamics demonstrated by violent fragmentation and chaotic delocalization. We establish that the relaxed state exhibits classical gaseous characteristics and an asymptotic state associated with unbounded entropy production. The phase diagram shows an exponential boundary between the coherent (quantum) gas and the chaotic (classical) gas. We show the universality of the dynamics by also presenting analogous results for spinless fermions. Weaker quench protocols give a certain degree of control over the relaxation process and induce a slower initial entropy growth. Our study showcases the complex relaxation behavior of tunable long-range interacting systems that could be engineered in state-of-the-art experiments, e.g. in trapped ions or Rydberg atoms.