Replica Wormholes and Entanglement Islands in the Karch-Randall Braneworld

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how replica wormholes and entanglement islands explain the Page curve in the Karch-Randall braneworld, connecting quantum extremal surfaces with classical geometries and providing a derivation of the entropy calculation.

Contribution

It provides a derivation of the quantum extremal surface prescription and its geometrization in the Karch-Randall braneworld, linking topological phase transitions to replica wormholes.

Findings

Replica wormholes correspond to phase transitions of Ryu-Takayanagi surfaces.

Explicit computations are performed in (2+1)-dimensional models.

Higher-dimensional cases satisfy Einstein's equations with conformal matter.

Abstract

The Karch-Randall braneworld provides a natural set-up to study the Hawking radiation from a black hole using holographic tools. Such a black hole lives on a brane and is highly quantum yet has a holographic dual as a higher dimensional classical theory that lives in the ambient space. Moreover, such a black hole is coupled to a nongravitational bath which is absorbing its Hawking radiation. This allows us to compute the entropy of the Hawking radiation by studying the bath using the quantum extremal surface prescription. The quantum extremal surface geometrizes into a Ryu-Takayanagi surface in the ambient space. The topological phase transition of the Ryu-Takayanagi surface in time from connecting different portions of the bath to the one connecting the bath and the brane gives the Page curve of the Hawking radiation that is consistent with unitarity. Nevertheless, there doesn't exit a derivation of the quantum extremal surface prescription and its geometrization in the Karch-Randall braneworld. In this paper, we fill this gap. We mainly focus on the case that the ambient space is (2+1)-dimensional for which explicit computations can be done in each description of the set-up. We show that the topological phase transition of the Ryu-Takayanagi surface corresponds to the formation of the replica wormhole on the Karch-Randall brane as the dominate contribution to the replica path integral. For higher dimensional situations, we show that the geometry of the brane satisfies Einstein's equation coupled with conformal matter. We comment on possible implications to the general rule of gravitational path integral from this equation.