Multi-Messenger Emission Characteristics of Blazars

TL;DR

This paper reviews the multi-messenger emission characteristics of blazars, highlighting correlations across radio, X-ray, gamma-ray, neutrino, and cosmic ray observations, and discusses their implications for understanding these energetic astrophysical objects.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive survey of multi-frequency and multi-messenger correlations in blazars, integrating data from various surveys and emphasizing characteristic spectral cross-correlations.

Findings

Identification of characteristic spectral cross-correlations in blazars

Insights into neutrino and cosmic ray emissions from blazars

Correlation patterns across multi-frequency observations

Abstract

Multi-Messenger observations and theory of astrophysical objects is fast becoming a critical research area in the astrophysics scientific community. In particular, point-like objects like that of BL Lac, flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ), and blazar candidates of uncertain type (BCU) are of distinct interest among those who look at the synchrotron, Compton, neutrino, and cosmic ray emissions sourced from compact objects. Notably, there is also much interest in the correlation between multi-frequency observations of blazars and neutrino surveys on source demographics. In this review we look at such multi-frequency and multi-physics correlations of the radio, X-ray, and $\gamma$-ray fluxes of different classes of blazars from a collection of survey catalogues. This multi-physics survey of blazars shows that there are characteristic cross-correlations in the spectra of blazars when considering their multi-frequency and multi-messenger emission. Accompanying this will be a review of cosmic ray and neutrino emissions from blazars and their characteristics.