Gliese 12 b: A temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 pc ideal for atmospheric transmission spectroscopy
M. Kuzuhara, A. Fukui, J. H. Livingston, J. A. Caballero, J. P. de, Leon, T. Hirano, Y. Kasagi, F. Murgas, N. Narita, M. Omiya, Jaume, Orell-Miquel, E. Palle, Q. Changeat, E. Esparza-Borges, H. Harakawa, C., Hellier, Yasunori Hori, Kai Ikuta, H. T. Ishikawa, T. Kodama, T. Kotani

TL;DR
This paper reports the discovery and validation of Gliese 12b, an Earth-sized, temperate planet at 12 parsecs, suitable for atmospheric studies with JWST, expanding the sample of nearby terrestrial planets for atmospheric characterization.
Contribution
The paper presents the discovery and confirmation of a nearby Earth-sized planet with temperate conditions, demonstrating its suitability for atmospheric transmission spectroscopy, which is a novel addition to known nearby terrestrial planets.
Findings
Gliese 12b has a radius of 0.96 Earth radii.
The planet's equilibrium temperature is approximately 315 K.
It is suitable for atmospheric characterization with JWST.
Abstract
Recent discoveries of Earth-sized planets transiting nearby M dwarfs have made it possible to characterize the atmospheres of terrestrial planets via follow-up spectroscopic observations. However, the number of such planets receiving low insolation is still small, limiting our ability to understand the diversity of the atmospheric composition and climates of temperate terrestrial planets. We report the discovery of an Earth-sized planet transiting the nearby (12 pc) inactive M3.0 dwarf Gliese 12 (TOI-6251) with an orbital period () of 12.76 days. The planet, Gliese 12b, was initially identified as a candidate with an ambiguous from TESS data. We confirmed the transit signal and using ground-based photometry with MuSCAT2 and MuSCAT3, and validated the planetary nature of the signal using high-resolution images from Gemini/NIRI and Keck/NIRC2 as…
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