Optimized Cost Per Click in Online Advertising: A Theoretical Analysis

TL;DR

This paper provides a theoretical economic analysis comparing OCPC with traditional pricing models like CPC and CPA, revealing conditions where OCPC outperforms others and offering strategic insights for online advertising platforms.

Contribution

First to analyze OCPC from an economic perspective, incorporating outside options and scenarios, and extending insights to OCPM models.

Findings

OCPC can replace CPA by addressing manipulation issues.

OCPC can surpass CPC in platform payoffs under certain conditions.

Platforms may prefer CPC if advertisers have limited outside options.

Abstract

In recent years, Optimized Cost Per Click (OCPC) and Optimized Cost Per Mille (OCPM) have emerged as the most widely adopted pricing models in the online advertising industry. However, the existing literature has yet to identify the specific conditions under which these models outperform traditional pricing models like Cost Per Click (CPC) and Cost Per Action (CPA). To fill the gap, this paper builds an economic model that compares OCPC with CPC and CPA theoretically, which incorporates out-site scenarios and outside options as two key factors. Our analysis reveals that OCPC can effectively replace CPA by tackling the problem of advertisers strategically manipulating conversion reporting in out-site scenarios where conversions occur outside the advertising platform. Furthermore, OCPC exhibits the potential to surpass CPC in platform payoffs by providing higher advertiser payoffs and consequently attracting more advertisers. However, if advertisers have less competitive outside options and consistently stay in the focal platform, the platform may achieve higher payoffs using CPC. Our findings deliver valuable insights for online advertising platforms in selecting optimal pricing models, and provide recommendations for further enhancing their payoffs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze OCPC from an economic perspective. Moreover, our analysis can be applied to the OCPM model as well.