A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied AI

TL;DR

This survey comprehensively reviews vision-language-action models in embodied AI, categorizing research components, control policies, and task planning, and discusses challenges and future directions.

Contribution

First comprehensive survey on VLAs for embodied AI, providing taxonomy, resource summaries, and insights into current challenges and future research directions.

Findings

Provides a detailed taxonomy of VLAs research lines.

Summarizes datasets, simulators, and benchmarks for VLAs.

Discusses key challenges and promising future directions.

Abstract

Embodied AI is widely recognized as a cornerstone of artificial general intelligence (AGI) because it involves controlling embodied agents to perform tasks in the physical world. Building on the success of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs), a new category of multimodal models -- referred to as vision-language-action (VLA) models -- has emerged to address language-conditioned robotic tasks in embodied AI by leveraging their distinct ability to generate actions. The recent proliferation of VLAs necessitates a comprehensive survey to capture the rapidly evolving landscape. To this end, we present the first survey on VLAs for embodied AI. This work provides a detailed taxonomy of VLAs, organized into three major lines of research. The first line focuses on individual components of VLAs. The second line is dedicated to developing VLA-based control policies adept at predicting low-level actions. The third line comprises high-level task planners capable of decomposing long-horizon tasks into a sequence of subtasks, thereby guiding VLAs to follow more general user instructions. Furthermore, we provide an extensive summary of relevant resources, including datasets, simulators, and benchmarks. Finally, we discuss the challenges facing VLAs and outline promising future directions in embodied AI. A curated repository associated with this survey is available at: https://github.com/yueen-ma/Awesome-VLA.