Euclid. V. The Flagship galaxy mock catalogue: a comprehensive simulation for the Euclid mission
Euclid Collaboration: F. J. Castander (1, 2), P. Fosalba (1, 2),, J. Stadel (3), D. Potter (3), J. Carretero (4, 5), P. Tallada-Cresp\'i (4, and 5), L. Pozzetti (6), M. Bolzonella (6), G. A. Mamon (7, 8), L. Blot (9, and 10), K. Hoffmann (1), M. Huertas-Company (11, 12, 13, 14)

TL;DR
The paper introduces the Flagship galaxy mock catalogue, a detailed simulation of billions of galaxies designed to support the Euclid mission's goal of understanding dark matter and dark energy through large-scale structure analysis.
Contribution
It presents a comprehensive, realistic galaxy mock catalogue based on a large N-body simulation, calibrated with observed data, to aid Euclid's scientific analyses.
Findings
Catalogue closely reproduces observed galaxy clustering.
Simulates weak lensing properties consistent with expectations.
Includes detailed galaxy properties for diverse analyses.
Abstract
We present the Flagship galaxy mock, a simulated catalogue of billions of galaxies designed to support the scientific exploitation of the Euclid mission. Euclid is a medium-class mission of the European Space Agency optimised to determine the properties of dark matter and dark energy on the largest scales of the Universe. It probes structure formation over more than 10 billion years primarily from the combination of weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering data. The breath of Euclid's data will also foster a wide variety of scientific analyses. The Flagship simulation was developed to provide a realistic approximation to the galaxies that will be observed by Euclid and used in its scientific analyses. We ran a state-of-the-art N-body simulation with four trillion particles, producing a lightcone on the fly. From the dark matter particles, we produced a catalogue of 16 billion…
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