Capillary condensation between non-parallel walls

TL;DR

This paper investigates capillary condensation between non-parallel walls, revealing two types of condensation phenomena, formulating Kelvin-like equations, and analyzing phase transitions and reentrant behaviors based on wall inclination and wetting properties.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of capillary condensation in non-parallel geometries, including phase diagrams and transition characterizations, which were not previously detailed.

Findings

Identification of single- and double-pinning condensation types

Derivation of Kelvin-like equations for each condensation type

Discovery of reentrant phase behavior with wall inclination

Abstract

We study the condensation of fluids confined by a pair of non-parallel plates of finite height $H$. We show that such a system experiences two types of condensation, termed single- and double-pinning, which can be characterized by one (single-pinning) or two (double-pinning) edge contact angles describing the shape of menisci pinned at the system edges. For both types of capillary condensation we formulate the Kelvin-like equation and determine the conditions under which the given type of condensation occurs. We construct the global phase diagram revealing a reentrant phenomenon pertinent to the change of the capillary condensation type upon varying the inclination of the walls. Asymptotic properties of the system are discussed and a link with related phase phenomena in different systems is made. Finally, we show that the change from a single- to a double-pinned state is a continuous transition, the character of which depends on the wetting properties of the walls.