On the role of Loewner entropy in statistical mechanics of 2D Ising system

TL;DR

This paper introduces Loewner entropy as a complexity measure to analyze the 2D Ising system, deriving new statistical-mechanical relations and a Hamiltonian formulation applicable even out of equilibrium.

Contribution

It presents a novel application of Loewner theory to 2D Ising systems, linking geometric complexity with statistical mechanics and non-equilibrium states.

Findings

Derived fractal dimension of interface curves.

Formulated a new Hamiltonian and grand canonical ensemble.

Established relations for non-equilibrium free energy and fluctuation dissipation.

Abstract

The fundamental properties of 2-dimensional (2D) Ising system were formulated using the Loewner theory. We focus on the role of the complexity measure of the 2D geometry, referred to as the Loewner entropy, to derive the statistical-mechanical relations of the 2D Ising system by analyzing the structure of the interface (i.e., the phase separation line). For the mixing property of the discrete Loewner evolution, we assume that the Loewner driving force ${\it\eta_s(n)}$ obtained from the interface has a stationary property, where the autocorrelation function $\langle{\it\eta_s(0)\eta_s(n)}\rangle $ converges in the long-time limit. Using this fact, we reconstruct the continuous Loewner evolution driven by the diffusion process whose increments correspond to the sequence of ${\it\eta_s(n)}$, and the fractal dimension of the generated curve was derived. We show that these formulations lead to a novel expression of the Hamiltonian, grand canonical ensemble of the system, which also are applicable for the non-equilibrium state of the system. In addition, the relations on the central limit theorem (CLT) governing the local fluctuation of the interface, the non-equilibrium free energy, and fluctuation dissipation relation (FDR) were derived using the Loewner theory. The present results suggest a possible form of the complexity-based theory of the 2D statistical mechanical systems that is applicable for the non-equilibrium states.