Verification of astrometrically accelerating stars from Hipparcos and Gaia: I. Methodology and application to HIP 44842

TL;DR

This paper develops a methodology to identify and analyze stars with astrometric accelerations from Hipparcos and Gaia data, aiming to detect hidden compact objects like black holes or neutron stars in binary systems.

Contribution

It introduces an improved approach for combining Hipparcos and Gaia data, correcting systematic errors, and characterizing candidate binary systems with potential compact companions.

Findings

Identified a sample of stars with significant astrometric accelerations.

Demonstrated the methodology on HIP 44842, revealing a main sequence star companion.

Provided a framework for future searches of stellar-mass black holes and neutron stars.

Abstract

A large number of candidate binary stars with apparent acceleration on the sky has emerged from analysis of astrometric data collected by the Hipparcos, Tycho-2, and Gaia space missions. Although the apparent acceleration can serve as a relatively reliable indicator of binarity, it provides scarce information about the orbital and physical parameters of the components. With an emphasis on the search for stellar-mass black holes and neutron stars hidden in binary systems, we start a broader effort to characterize the most promising candidates using follow-up ground-based observations. Accurate quantification of orbital and physical parameters of systems with dim or invisible companions requires combination of Hipparcos, Gaia, and precision spectroscopic measurements. In this paper, we review the necessary steps in this implementation and describe the improved Hipparcos-Gaia sample of long-term astrometric accelerations which includes correction of sky-correlated systematic errors using the vector spherical decomposition method. As an example, we study one Hipparcos star with a large acceleration, HIP 44842, where the companion is revealed to be a normal main sequence star.