Medium effects of charged-hadron production in $p+Pb$ and $Pb+Pb$ collisions at LHC energies using modified Tsallis distribution

TL;DR

This study analyzes how medium effects like collective flow and energy loss influence charged-hadron transverse momentum spectra in different collision systems at LHC energies, using a modified Tsallis distribution to fit experimental data.

Contribution

It introduces a phenomenological fit with a modified Tsallis distribution to quantify medium effects on charged-hadron spectra in $p+p$, $p+Pb$, and $Pb+Pb$ collisions at 5.02 TeV.

Findings

Transverse collective flow observed at low and intermediate $p_T$.

Energy loss effects prominent at high $p_T$.

Medium effects vary with collision system and $p_T$ range.

Abstract

The transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of charged hadrons in $p+p$, $p+Pb$ and $Pb+Pb$ collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV are presented here within the rapidity range of $-2.5<y<2.0$. We study the medium effects, which is produced by heavy ion collisions, on the behaviour of charged hadrons, by using a phenomenological fit function. These effects are attributed to two main factors: the transverse collective flow and the the energy loss of charged hadrons due to multiple scatterings. We observe the transverse collective flow at low and intermediate $p_T$ region and the energy loss at high $p_T$ region. Here we take all the published data from the ATLAS collaboration.