Parallelization of the K-Means Algorithm with Applications to Big Data Clustering

TL;DR

This paper explores parallelizing the K-Means clustering algorithm using OpenMP and OpenACC to improve performance on big data, comparing synchronization and GPU-based approaches.

Contribution

It introduces and compares two parallelization strategies for K-Means, highlighting their efficiency and scalability on large datasets.

Findings

OpenMP synchronous parallelization improves speed with synchronization.

GPU-based OpenACC approach offers significant time reduction.

Performance varies with data size and number of processes.

Abstract

The K-Means clustering using LLoyd's algorithm is an iterative approach to partition the given dataset into K different clusters. The algorithm assigns each point to the cluster based on the following objective function \[\ \min \Sigma_{i=1}^{n}||x_i-\mu_{x_i}||^2\] The serial algorithm involves iterative steps where we compute the distance of each datapoint from the centroids and assign the datapoint to the nearest centroid. This approach is essentially known as the expectation-maximization step. Clustering involves extensive computations to calculate distances at each iteration, which increases as the number of data points increases. This provides scope for parallelism. However, we must ensure that in a parallel process, each thread has access to the updated centroid value and no racing condition exists on any centroid values. We will compare two different approaches in this project. The first approach is an OpenMP flat synchronous method where all processes are run in parallel, and we use synchronization to ensure safe updates of clusters. The second approach we adopt is a GPU based parallelization approach using OpenACC wherein we will try to make use of GPU architecture to parallelize chunks of the algorithm to observe decreased computation time. We will analyze metrics such as speed up, efficiency,time taken with varying data points, and number of processes to compare the two approaches and understand the relative performance improvement we can get.