Rota-Baxter groups with weight zero and integration on topological groups

TL;DR

This paper extends the concept of Rota-Baxter operators on groups to weight zero by using a novel perturbation approach, linking it to integrals on topological groups and a group version of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

Contribution

It introduces a new definition of Rota-Baxter operators with weight zero on groups via a perturbation method, and explores their applications in topological groups and calculus.

Findings

Defined Rota-Baxter operators with weight zero on groups.

Connected the operators to integrals on topological groups.

Developed a group formulation of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

Abstract

Rota-Baxter groups with weights $\pm 1$ have attracted quite much attention since their recent introduction, thanks to their connections with Rota-Baxter Lie algebras, factorizations of Lie groups, post- and pre-Lie algebras, braces and set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. Despite their expected importance from integrals on groups to pre-groups and Yang-Baxter equations, Rota-Baxter groups with weight zero and other weights has been a challenge to define and their search has been the focus of several attempts. By composing an operator with a section map as a perturbation device, we first generalize the notion of a Rota-Baxter operator on a group from the existing case of weight $\pm 1$ to the case where the weight is given by a pair of maps and then a sequence limit of such pairs. From there, two candidates of Rota-Baxter operators with weight zero are given. One of them is the Rota-Baxter operator with limit-weight zero detailed here, with the other candidate introduced in a companion work. This operator is shown to have its tangent map the Rota-Baxter operator with weight zero on Lie algebras. It also gives concrete applications in integrals of maps with values in a class of topological groups called $\RR$-groups, satisfying a multiplicative version of the integration-by-parts formula. In parallel, differential groups in this framework is also developed and a group formulation of the First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus is obtained.