Real-time equilibrium reconstruction by neural network based on HL-3 tokamak

TL;DR

This paper introduces EFITNN, a neural network model that performs real-time magnetic equilibrium reconstruction for HL-3 tokamak, achieving high accuracy, robustness, and efficiency suitable for plasma control applications.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel multi-task neural network architecture that significantly improves real-time plasma equilibrium reconstruction accuracy and speed over traditional numerical methods.

Findings

Achieves average R^2 > 0.94 for key plasma parameters.

Provides high-resolution reconstructions of current density and flux profiles.

Demonstrates robustness in predicting configurations not seen during training.

Abstract

A neural network model, EFITNN, has been developed capable of real-time magnetic equilibrium reconstruction based on HL-3 tokamak magnetic measurement signals. The model processes inputs from 68 channels of magnetic measurement data gathered from 1159 HL-3 experimental discharges, including plasma current, loop voltage, and the poloidal magnetic fields measured by equilibrium probes. The outputs of the model feature eight key plasma parameters, alongside high-resolution ($129\times129$) reconstructions of the toroidal current density $J_{\text P}$ and poloidal magnetic flux profiles $\Psi_{rz}$. Moreover, the network's architecture employs a multi-task learning structure, which enables the sharing of weights and mutual correction among different outputs, and lead to increase the model's accuracy by up to 32%. The performance of EFITNN demonstrates remarkable consistency with the offline EFIT, achieving average $R^2 = 0.941, 0.997$ and $0.959$ for eight plasma parameters, $\Psi_{rz}$ and $J_{\text P}$, respectively. The model's robust generalization capabilities are particularly evident in its successful predictions of quasi-snowflake (QSF) divertor configurations and its adept handling of data from shot numbers or plasma current intervals not previously encountered during training. Compared to numerical methods, EFITNN significantly enhances computational efficiency with average computation time ranging from 0.08ms to 0.45ms, indicating its potential utility in real-time isoflux control and plasma profile management.