Dynamics of Heavy Operators in $AdS/CFT$

TL;DR

This paper explores the bulk geometries dual to heavy operators in AdS/CFT, revealing wormhole solutions for three-point functions and connecting these to classical formulas, thus deepening understanding of heavy operator dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces wormhole geometries for heavy operators' three-point functions and links these to classical DOZZ formula calculations in AdS/CFT.

Findings

Heavy operators correspond to wormhole geometries in the bulk.

Two-point functions of heavy operators relate to black hole solutions.

Three-point functions involve wormhole geometries that recover classical formulas.

Abstract

The correlation function in Ads/CFT are correlation of the operator insertions on the boundary (at CFT) through the complete geometry of bulk. These are represented by Witten diagrams which at tree level doesn't have any quantum corrections. Generally, correlation functions are of low scaling (or conformal) dimension, $\Delta$, which is related to the mass of insertion of the scalar operator by, $\Delta(\Delta - 1) = m^2 L_{AdS}^2$. At low scaling dimensions the operator insertion on the CFT boundary does not back-react the metric of the geometry. On the other hand, at large scaling dimensions which scale with central charge the operator is considered heavy. This leads to an interesting question of what in the dual bulk (AdS) geometry of such heavy operators. At the heavy limit $\Delta = m L_{AdS}$, which means that the mass of the operator insertion is large too. The two-point function of heavy-operator is assumed to be Black hole in $(d+1)$-dimensions and the two-point form of CFT is recovered by calculating the action. In $3$-dimension we have more control over the geometry because of existence of exact metric called Ba\~nados metric with boundary stress-tensor insertion along with a map which maps it to Euclidean Poincare upper half plane. These methods are used to find the geometry for three-point function. The geometry is not simply of a black-hole but a wormhole solution for whose action is calculated which recovers the "square" of the classical DOZZ formula. We review the recent work of arXiv:2306.15105 and arXiv:2307.13188 in this thesis to form an understanding of heavy operators in the context of AdS/CFT.