Haro 5-2: A New Pre-Main Sequence Quadruple Stellar System

TL;DR

Haro 5-2 is a newly discovered young quadruple star system with a unique wide 2+2 configuration, providing a valuable case for studying pre-main sequence stellar evolution and system formation.

Contribution

This paper reports the discovery and detailed characterization of Haro 5-2 as a rare, wide 2+2 quadruple system among young stars, offering new insights into multiple star formation.

Findings

Haro 5-2 is a young quadruple system with a 2+2 configuration.

The system's inner binaries are unusually wide for its age.

Spectroscopic analysis indicates active accretion and circumstellar material.

Abstract

We have discovered that the Halpha emission line star Haro 5-2, located in the 3-6 Myr old Ori OB1b association, is a young quadruple system. The system has a 2+2 configuration with an outer separation of 2.6 arcseconds and with resolved subarcsecond inner binary components. The brightest component, Aa, dominates the A-binary, it is a weakline T Tauri star with spectral type M2.5pm1. The two stars of the B component are equally bright at J, but the Bb star is much redder. Optical spectroscopy of the combined B pair indicates a rich emission line spectrum with a M3pm1 spectral type. The spectrum is highly variable and switches back and forth between a classical and a weakline T Tauri star. In the near-infrared, the spectrum shows Paschen beta and Brackett gamma in emission, indicative of active accretion. A significant mid-infrared excess reveals the presence of circumstellar or circumbinary material in the system. Most multiple systems are likely formed during the protostellar phase, involving flybys of neighboring stars followed by an in-spiraling phase driven by accretion from circumbinary material and leading to compact sub-systems. However, Haro 5-2 stands out among young 2+2 quadruples as the two inner binaries are unusually wide relative to the separation of the A and B pair, allowing future studies of the individual components. Assuming the components are coeval, the system could potentially allow stringent tests of PMS evolutionary models.