Generation of quantum phases of matter and finding a maximum-weight independent set of unit-disk graphs using Rydberg atoms

TL;DR

This paper explores how Rydberg atom arrays can be used to solve complex optimization problems like maximum-weight independent sets in unit-disk graphs through quantum annealing and variational algorithms.

Contribution

It introduces a quantum annealing approach using Rydberg atoms and proposes a quantum wire method to enhance coupling for solving NP-hard problems.

Findings

Successful implementation of a variational quantum adiabatic algorithm.

Demonstration of quantum phases of matter in atomic arrays.

Analysis of quantum wire effects on coupling strength.

Abstract

Recent progress in quantum computing and quantum simulation of many-body systems with arrays of neutral atoms using Rydberg excitation has provided unforeseen opportunities towards computational advantage in solving various optimization problems. The problem of a maximum-weight independent set of unit-disk graphs is an example of an NP-hard optimization problem. It involves finding the largest set of vertices with the maximum sum of their weights for a graph which has edges connecting all pairs of vertices within a unit distance. This problem can be solved using quantum annealing with an array of interacting Rydberg atoms. For a particular graph, a spatial arrangement of atoms represents vertices of the graph, while the detuning from resonance at Rydberg excitation defines the weights of these vertices. The edges of the graph can be drawn according to the unit disk criterion. Maximum-weight independent sets can be obtained by applying a variational quantum adiabatic algorithm. We consider driving the quantum system of interacting atoms to the many-body ground state using a non-linear quasi-adiabatic profile for sweeping the Rydberg detuning. We also propose using a quantum wire which is a set of auxiliary atoms of a different chemical element to mediate strong coupling between the remote vertices of the graph. We investigate this effect for different lengths of the quantum wire. We also investigate the quantum phases of matter realizing commensurate and incommensurate phases in one- and two-dimensional spatial arrangements of the atomic array.