Supermassive black hole formation from Affleck-Dine mechanism with suppressed clustering on large scales

TL;DR

This paper proposes a modified primordial black hole formation model based on the inhomogeneous Affleck-Dine mechanism, which reduces large-scale SMBH clustering by incorporating a time-dependent Hubble-induced mass during inflation, aligning with quasar observations.

Contribution

The paper introduces a new model with a time-dependent Hubble-induced mass that suppresses SMBH clustering on large scales, improving the original PBH formation scenario.

Findings

Successfully suppresses SMBH clustering on large scales

Explains the formation of SMBH seeds consistent with quasar observations

Maintains PBH formation efficiency with a dynamic Hubble-induced mass

Abstract

We study a primordial black hole (PBH) formation model based on the framework of the inhomogeneous Affleck-Dine (AD) mechanism, which can explain the seeds of supermassive black holes (SMBHs). This model, however, predicts strong clustering of SMBHs that is inconsistent with the observation of angular correlation of quasars. In this paper, we propose a modified model that can significantly reduce the PBH clustering on large scales by considering a time-dependent Hubble-induced mass during inflation. The quasar angular correlation is suppressed by the large Hubble-induced mass in the early stage of inflation while the small Hubble-induced mass in the late stage leads to the AD field fluctuations large enough for PBH formation as in the original model. As a result, the modified scenario can successfully explain the seeds of SMBHs.