Computing Fundamental Constants in the FLRW Universe using the Hawking Radiation of the Cosmological Horizon

TL;DR

This paper calculates the temperature of the cosmological horizon in an FLRW universe using scalar fields, explores the time variation of fundamental constants, and compares predictions with observational data to understand cosmic entropy changes.

Contribution

It introduces a method to derive the time dependence of fundamental constants from the Hawking radiation of the cosmological horizon in FLRW models.

Findings

Predicted a temporal variation of fundamental constants.

Compared theoretical models with observational redshift data.

Suggested a link between fundamental constants and universe entropy evolution.

Abstract

In this work, we compute the universe temperature for the cosmological horizon for the FLRW metric. For this purpose, we consider a scalar field on the cosmological horizon. This scalar field satisfies the Klein-Gordon equation in a curved space-time. Recently, some authors like Barrow, Bekenstein and others have proposed that the fundamental constants might vary with time. Along these lines of thought, we derive the electromagnetic momentum and electromagnetic field for the FLRW universe. This enables us to obtain a temporal dependence of the Hubble parameter which, in turn, induces a time dependence of the fundamental constants. In order to validate this model, the theoretical predictions are then compared with observational data as a function of the redshift, $z$, for the universe expansion. As a consequence, this time dependence on the fundamental constants makes it possible to predict a change in time of the informational content for the entropy of the universe surface area, this is expressed as the bit number by using the holographic principle.