Total coloring of regular graphs of girth = degree + 1

TL;DR

This paper investigates efficient total colorings of regular graphs with girth equal to degree plus one, constructing specific colorings for cubic graphs and exploring properties of certain cages and their coverings.

Contribution

It introduces constructions of efficient total colorings for cubic graphs of girth 4 and discusses the existence of non-efficient total colorings in certain cages and their covers.

Findings

Efficient total colorings are constructed for finite connected cubic graphs of girth 4.

Not all total colorings in certain cages and their covers are efficient.

Applications to graph partitions into 3-paths and 3-stars are provided.

Abstract

Let $2\le k\in\mathbb{Z}$. A total coloring of a $k$-regular simple graph via $k+1$ colors is an {\it efficient total coloring} if each color yields an efficient dominating set, where the efficient domination condition applies to the restriction of each color class to the vertex set. In this work, focus is set upon graphs of girth $k+1$. Efficient total colorings of finite connected simple cubic graphs of girth 4 are constructed starting at the 3-cube. It is conjectured that all of them are obtained by means of four basic operations. In contrast, the Robertson 19-vertex $(4,5)$-cage, the alternate union $Pet^k$ of a (Hamilton) $10k$-cycle with $k$ pentagon and $k$-pentagram $5$-cycles, for $k>1$ not divisible by 5, and its double cover $Dod^k$, contain TCs that are nonefficient. Applications to partitions into 3-paths and 3-stars are given.