The Radio and Microwave Sky as Seen by Juno on its Mission to Jupiter

TL;DR

This paper presents six nearly full-sky radio maps of Jupiter from Juno's 5-year mission, demonstrating data processing techniques to remove noise and systematics, and validating the maps through simulations and consistency tests.

Contribution

The study introduces a method for creating high-quality, nearly full-sky radio emission maps from Juno data, including noise removal and systematic error estimation.

Findings

Maps are consistent with thermal radiometer noise levels.

Systematic pixelization noise and polarization leakage are quantified.

Data processing techniques effectively remove gain and offset drifts.

Abstract

We present six nearly full-sky maps made from data taken by radiometers on the Juno satellite during its 5-year flight to Jupiter. The maps represent integrated emission over $\sim 4\%$ passbands spaced approximately in octaves between 600 MHz and 21.9 GHz. Long time-scale offset drifts are removed in all bands, and, for the two lowest frequency bands, gain drifts are also removed from the maps via a self-calibration algorithm similar to the NPIPE pipeline used by the Planck collaboration. We show that, after this solution is applied, statistical noise in the maps is consistent with thermal radiometer noise and expected levels of correlated noise on the gain and noise drift solutions. We verify our map solutions with several consistency tests and end-to-end simulations. We also estimate the level of systematic pixelization noise and polarization leakage via simulations.