Ten Supernova-rise in Binary Driven Gamma-ray Bursts

TL;DR

This paper investigates the energetic processes and signatures of supernovae associated with binary-driven gamma-ray bursts, emphasizing the SN-rise and νNS-rise phenomena in the context of the BdHN model.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of 10 Type-I BdHNe cases, estimating SN energies and identifying thermal blackbody components as potential pair-driven SN signatures.

Findings

SN energies range from 10^{51} to 10^{53} erg.

Thermal blackbody components detected in 8 sources, temperatures 6.2-39.99 keV.

X-ray afterglow triggered by νNS-rise observed in three high-redshift cases.

Abstract

The observation of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) associated with a supernova (SN) coincides remarkably with the energy output from a binary system comprising a very massive carbon-oxygen (CO) core and an associated binary neutron star (NS) by the Binary-Driven Hypernova (BdHN) model. The dragging effect in the late evolution of such systems leads to co-rotation, with binary periods on the order of minutes, resulting in a very fast rotating core and a binary NS companion at a distance of $\sim 10^5$ km. Such a fast-rotating CO core, stripped of its hydrogen and helium, undergoes gravitational collapse and, within a fraction of seconds, leads to a supernova (SN) and a newly born, fast-spinning neutron star ($\nu$NS), we name the emergence of the SN and the $\nu$NS as the SN-rise and $\nu$NS-rise. Typically, the SN energies range from $10^{51}$ to $10^{53}$ erg. We address this issue by examining 10 cases of Type-I BdHNe, the most energetic ones, in which SN accretion onto the companion NS leads to the formation of a black hole (BH). In all ten cases, the energetics of the SN events are estimated, ranging between $0.18$ and $12 \times 10^{52}$ erg. Additionally, in all 8 sources at redshift $z$ closer than $4.61$, a clear thermal blackbody component has been identified, with temperatures between $6.2$ and $39.99$ keV, as a possible signature of pair-driven SN. The triggering of the X-ray afterglow induced by the $\nu$NS-rise are identified in three cases at high redshift where early X-ray observations are achievable, benefits from the interplay of cosmological effects.