Necessity of orthogonal basis vectors for the two-anyon problem in one-dimensional lattice

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that using orthogonal basis vectors is essential for accurately modeling two-anyon states in one-dimensional lattices, avoiding non-physical solutions and ensuring correct dynamical behavior in quantum simulations.

Contribution

It introduces an orthogonal basis approach for solving the two-anyon Schrödinger equation, improving upon conventional non-orthogonal methods by eliminating non-physical solutions.

Findings

Orthogonal basis yields all physical eigenstates.

Conventional methods produce non-physical solutions.

Dynamical behaviors depend on initial states.

Abstract

Few-body physics for anyons has been intensively studied within the anyon-Hubbard model, including the quantum walk and Bloch oscillations of two-anyon states. However, the known theoretical proposal and experimental simulations of two-anyon states in one-dimensional lattice have been carried out by expanding the wavefunction in terms of non-orthogonal basis vectors, which introduces extra non-physical degrees of freedom. In the present work, we deduce the finite difference equations for the two-anyon state in the one-dimensional lattice by solving the Schr\"odinger equation with orthogonal basis vectors. Such an orthogonal scheme gives all the orthogonal physical eigenstates for the time-independent two-anyon Schr\"odinger equation, while the conventional (non-orthogonal) method produces a lot of non-physical redundant eigen-solutions whose components violate the anyonic relations. The dynamical property of the two-anyon states in a sufficiently large lattice has been investigated and compared in both the orthogonal and conventional schemes, which proves to depend crucially on the initial states. When the initial states with two anyons on the same site or (next-)neighboring sites are suitably chosen to be in accordance with the anyonic coefficient relation, we observe exactly the same dynamical behavior in the two schemes, including the revival probability, the probability density function, and the two-body correlation, otherwise, the conventional scheme will produce erroneous results which not any more describe anyons. The period of the Bloch oscillation in the pseudo-fermionic limit is found to be twice that in the bosonic limit, while the oscillations disappear for statistical parameters in between. Our findings are vital for quantum simulations of few-body physics with anyons in the lattice.