Primordial Gravitational Waves as Probe of Dark Matter in Interferometer Missions: Fisher Forecast and MCMC

TL;DR

This paper explores how future gravitational wave detectors can probe high-energy dark matter and baryogenesis models through primordial GW spectral shapes, employing Fisher forecasts and MCMC analyses to identify parameter sensitivities.

Contribution

It introduces novel inflationary GW spectral shapes linked to gravity-portal dark matter production and uses Fisher and MCMC methods to constrain related parameters.

Findings

Future GW detectors can probe DM masses between 5×10^6 and 1.6×10^7 GeV with high SNR.

GW observations can test baryogenesis via gravitational leptogenesis at RHN masses around 8×10^12 GeV.

ET can constrain axion decay constants in the range 10^9 to 10^14 GeV with SNR > 10.

Abstract

We propose novel inflationary primordial gravitational wave (GW) spectral shapes at interferometer-based current and future GW missions to test dark matter (DM) production via gravity-portal.We consider three right-handed neutrinos (RHNs), the lightest among them is DM candidate while the others participate in baryogenesis via leptogenesis. We find that future GW detectors BBO, DECIGO, ET, for instance, are able to probe DM mass for $5\times 10^6\, {\rm GeV}<M_{\rm DM}<1.6\times 10^7$ GeV with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) $>10$, along with the observed amount of baryon asymmetry due to gravitational leptogenesis for heavy RHN mass $M_{\cal{N}}$ to be around $8\times 10^{12}$ GeV. Employing Fisher matrix forecast analysis, we identify the parameter space involving non-minimal coupling to gravity $\xi$, reheating temperature of the Universe $T_{\rm rh}$ and DM mass $M_{\rm DM}$ where the GW detector-sensitivities will be the maximum with the least error, along with SNR $>10$. Finally, utilizing mock data for each GW detector, we perform MCMC analysis to find out the combined constraints on the various microphysics parameters. We also explore production of other cosmological relics such as QCD axion relic as DM candidate, produced via gravity-portal in early universe. We find that ET, for instance, can probe the decay constant of such DM candidates ($f_{a}$) as $10^9\,{\rm GeV}\lesssim f_{a}\lesssim 10^{14}\,{\rm GeV}$ for misalignment angle $\theta_i\in[0.1,\pi/\sqrt{3}]$ and $\xi=1$ with SNR $>10$, whereas this range decreases with the increase of non-minimal coupling. Thus the upcoming GW missions will be able to test such non-thermal DM and baryogenesis scenarios involving very high energy scales, which is otherwise impossible to reach in particle physics experiments in laboratories.