Stable equivalence relations on 4-manifolds

TL;DR

This paper explores stable equivalence relations on 4-manifolds using modified and classical surgery, establishing new results on stable diffeomorphism and homotopy equivalence, especially for manifolds with abelian fundamental groups.

Contribution

It introduces a combined surgery approach to classify 4-manifolds up to stable equivalence and provides algebraic obstructions for homotopy distinctions.

Findings

Closed oriented homotopy equivalent 4-manifolds with abelian fundamental groups are stably diffeomorphic.

Analogues of cancellation theorems for stable homeomorphism are established.

An algebraic obstruction to non-simple homotopy equivalence up to connected sum with S^2 x S^2 is provided.

Abstract

Kreck's modified surgery gives an approach to classifying smooth $2n$-manifolds up to stable diffeomorphism, i.e. up to connected sum with copies of $S^n \times S^n$. In dimension 4, we use a combination of modified and classical surgery to study various stable equivalence relations which we compare to stable diffeomorphism. Most importantly, we consider homotopy equivalence up to stabilisation with copies of $S^2 \times S^2$. As an application, we show that closed oriented homotopy equivalent 4-manifolds with abelian fundamental group are stably diffeomorphic. We give analogues of the cancellation theorems of Hambleton--Kreck for stable homeomorphism for homotopy up to stabilisations. Finally, we give a complete algebraic obstruction to the existence of closed smooth 4-manifolds which are homotopy equivalent but not simple homotopy equivalent up to connected sum with $S^2 \times S^2$.