Industrial Application of the Shapley value-based Redispatch Cost Allocation to Large-Scale Power Grids requires AC Optimal Power Flow

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the use of Shapley value-based redispatch cost allocation in large-scale power grids, comparing DC and AC optimal power flow methods to ensure accuracy and fairness in congestion management.

Contribution

It introduces the application of AC optimal power flow in Shapley value-based redispatch cost allocation for large-scale grids, highlighting differences from the linear DC approximation.

Findings

Significant differences in congested lines between DC and AC methods.

Redispatch costs and Shapley values vary notably when using AC OPF.

AC OPF provides more accurate congestion and cost assessments for large grids.

Abstract

A burgeoning topic in the current energy transition are the huge costs of redispatch congestion management (CM) in large transmission systems. One of the German transmission system operators (TSOs) raised the critical inquiry of how to allocate the redispatch costs amongst TSOs in an equitable and beneficial way. Previously, a Shapley value-based approach has been introduced on small test grids, using the linear DC approximation of optimal power flow (OPF). However, within the application of CM, its feasibility and accuracy for large-scale power grids and its impact on the computed congestions remain uncertain. Therefore, this study investigates the applicability of the DC OPF compared to the exact AC OPF with regard to the Shapley values, for both small and large-scale grids. Numerical simulation shows significant differences in the congested lines, the overall redispatch costs, and the Shapley values. These findings suggest that for future CM, the TSOs should further investigate AC OPF solutions.