Deconfinement and chiral restoration phase transition under rotation from holography in an anisotropic gravitational background

TL;DR

This paper uses holography to study how rotation affects deconfinement and chiral phase transitions in QCD, revealing that angular velocity shifts critical temperatures and the CEP position, consistent with lattice results.

Contribution

It constructs an anisotropic holographic model incorporating rotation to analyze phase transitions in QCD, providing new insights into the effects of angular velocity.

Findings

Deconfinement transition is first order at low chemical potential.

Chiral transition is a crossover under rotation.

Critical temperatures vary with angular velocity as predicted by lattice QCD.

Abstract

We investigate the effects of rotation on deconfinement and chiral phase transitions in the framework of dynamical holographic QCD model. Instead of transforming to the rotating system by Lorentz boost, we construct an anisotropic gravitational background by incorporating the rotating boundary current. We firstly investigate the pure gluon system under rotation to extract deconfinement phase transition from the Polyakov loop then add 2-flavor probe for chiral restoration phase transition from the chiral condensate. It is observed that at low chemical potentials, the deconfinement phase transition of pure gluon system is of first order and the chiral phase transition of 2-flavor system is of crossover. Both the critical temperatures of deconfinement and chiral phase transitions decrease/increase with imaginary/real angular velocity ($\Omega_I/\Omega$) as $T/T_c\sim 1- C_2 \Omega_I^2$ and $T/T_c\sim 1+ C_2 \Omega^2$, which is consistent with lattice QCD results. In the temperature-chemical potential $T-\mu$ phase diagram, the critical end point (CEP) moves towards regions of higher temperature and chemical potential with real angular velocity.