Arctic: A Field Programmable Quantum Array Scheduling Technique

TL;DR

This paper introduces Arctic, a novel compiler pass for neutral atom quantum computers that optimizes qubit movement schedules, significantly improving speed, fidelity, and resource efficiency for complex algorithms.

Contribution

It presents the first movement-based compilation technique for reconfigurable neutral atom architectures, incorporating a stacking feature for enhanced algorithm support.

Findings

Reduces pulse counts by up to 5x

Increases fidelity by up to 7x

Achieves compilation times within seconds

Abstract

Advancements in neutral atom quantum computers have positioned them as a valuable framework for quantum computing, largely due to their prolonged coherence times and capacity for high-fidelity gate operations. Recently, neutral atom computers have enabled coherent atom shuttling to facilitate long-range connectivity as a high-fidelity alternative to traditional gate-based methods. However, these inherent advantages are accompanied by novel constraints, making it challenging to create optimal movement schedules. In this study I present, to the best of my knowledge, the first compiler pass designed to optimize reconfigurable coupling in zoned neutral atom architectures, while adhering to the reconfigurability constraints of these systems. I approach qubit mapping and movement scheduling as a max-cut and layered cross-minimization problem while enhancing support for spatially complex algorithms through a novel "stacking" feature that balances the qubit array's spatial dimensions with algorithmic parallelism. I compare the method across various algorithms sourced from Supermarq and Qasmbench where the compiler pass represents the first exclusively movement-based technique to achieve compilation times consistently within seconds. Results also demonstrate that the approach reduces pulse counts by up to 5x and increases fidelity by up to 7x compared to existing methods on currently available technology.