Performance evaluation of electron multiplier tubes as a high-intensity muon beam monitor of accelerator neutrino experiments

TL;DR

This study evaluates electron multiplier tubes (EMTs) as durable, linear, high-intensity muon beam monitors for neutrino experiments, demonstrating their suitability for future high-power beamlines at J-PARC.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive assessment of EMT radiation tolerance and linearity response for high-intensity muon beam monitoring in neutrino experiments.

Findings

EMTs show higher radiation tolerance than silicon sensors.

Less than 8% yield decrease after irradiation equivalent to 132 days of operation.

EMTs maintain linearity within ±5% up to future beam intensities.

Abstract

Upgrade work towards increasing the beam intensity of the neutrino beamline at J- PARC is underway. Monitoring tertiary muon beams is essential for stable operation of the beamline. Accordingly, we plan to replace the present muon monitor sensors with electron multiplier tubes (EMTs). We investigated the radiation tolerance and linearity response of EMTs using a 90 MeV electron beam. An EMTs was irradiated with electrons up to 470 nC. EMTs show higher radiation tolerance than the Si sensors which are presently used as one of the muon monitor detectors for the T2K long-baseline neutrino experiment at J-PARC. The integrated charge yield decrease is found to be less than 8% after a beam irradiation equivalent to 132 days of operation at the future J-PARC beam power of 1.3 MW. The EMTs show linearity better than $\pm$5% up to the future beam intensity. The observed yield decrease is likely due to dynode deterioration based on the detailed investigation. The studies described here confirm that EMTs can be used as a high-intensity muon beam monitor. From the reported results, we are proceeding with the installation in the J-PARC neutrino beamline.