Extension of Kirkwood-Buff theory: Partial enthalpies, fluctuations of energy density, temperature, and pressure, and solute-induced effects in a mixture solvent

TL;DR

This paper develops a statistical mechanical theory for multi-component fluids, linking correlation functions to thermodynamic properties and fluctuations, with applications to mixture solvents and solute effects.

Contribution

It extends Kirkwood-Buff theory to include partial enthalpies, energy density fluctuations, and solute-induced effects in mixtures.

Findings

Derived expressions for partial volumes and enthalpies in mixtures.

Linked thermodynamic derivatives to spatial fluctuations and correlations.

Analyzed solvent-induced solute interactions and osmotic enthalpy changes.

Abstract

We present a statistical mechanical theory of multi-component fluids, where we consider the correlation functions of the number densities and the energy density in the grand canonical ensemble. In terms of their space integrals we express the partial volumes ${\bar v}_i$, the partial enthalpies ${\bar H}_i$, and other thermodynamic derivatives. These ${\bar v}_i$ and ${\bar H}_i$ assume simple forms for binary mixtures and for ternary mixtures with a dilute solute. They are then related to the space-dependent thermal fluctuations of the temperature and the pressure. The space averages of these fluctuations are those introduced by Landau and Lifshits in the isothermal-isobaric ($T$-$p$) ensemble. We also give expressions for the long-range (nonlocal) correlations in the canonical and $T$-$p$ ensembles, which are inversely proportional to the system volume. For a mixture solvent, we examine the solvent-induced solute-solute attraction and the osmotic enthalpy changes due to the solute doping using the correlation function integrals.