Momentum non-conservation in a scalar quantum field theory with a planar $\theta$ interface

TL;DR

This paper investigates how a planar interface in a scalar quantum field theory causes momentum non-conservation, analyzing particle decay and scattering processes influenced by the interface's boundary conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a quantization method for a $ heta$-scalar field with a planar interface and explores its effects on momentum non-conservation in particle decay and scattering.

Findings

Decay channels for scalar particles are opened due to the interface.

Momentum non-conservation significantly affects scattering amplitudes.

The ratio of non-conserving to conserving amplitudes varies with kinematic conditions.

Abstract

Motivated by the recent interest aroused by non-dynamical axionic electrodynamics in the context of topological insulators and Weyl semimetals, we discuss a simple model of the magnetoelectric effect in terms of a $\theta$-scalar field that interacts through a delta-like potential located at a planar interface. Thus, in the bulk regions the field is constructed by standard free waves with the absence of evanescent components. These waves have to be combined into linear superposition to account for the boundary conditions at the interface in order to yield the corresponding normal modes. Our aim is twofold: first we quantize the $\theta$-scalar field using the normal modes in the canonical approach and then we look for applications emphasizing the effect of momentum non-conservation due to the presence of the interface. To this end we calculate the decay of a standard scalar particle into two $\theta$-scalar particles showing the opening of new decay channels. As a second application we deal with the two body scattering of standard charged scalar particles mediated by a $\theta$-scalar particle, focusing on the momentum non-conserving contribution of the scattering amplitude ${\cal M}^{NC}$. We define a generalization of the usual cross section in order to quantify the emergence of these events. We also study the allowed kinematical region for momentum non-conservation as well as the position of the poles of the amplitude ${\cal M}^{NC}$. Finally, the ratio of the magnitudes between ${\cal M}^{NC}$ and the momentum conserving amplitude is discussed in the appropriate region of momentum space.