Generalized parton distributions from the pseudo-distribution approach on the lattice

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel lattice QCD method using pseudo-distributions to extract zero-skewness GPDs, providing new insights into the three-dimensional structure of nucleons with improved systematic control.

Contribution

It is the first to implement the pseudo-distribution approach for zero-skewness GPDs on the lattice, extending previous quasi-GPD studies and analyzing systematic effects.

Findings

Successful extraction of $x$-dependence of GPDs from lattice data.

Comparison shows consistency between pseudo-GPDs and quasi-GPDs.

Results reveal the $-t$ dependence of flavor non-singlet GPDs.

Abstract

Generalized parton distributions (GPDs) are key quantities for the description of a hadron's three-dimensional structure. They are the current focus of all areas of hadronic physics -- phenomenological, experimental, and theoretical, including lattice QCD. Synergies between these areas are desirable and essential to achieve precise quantification and understanding of the structure of, particularly nucleons, as the basic ingredients of matter. In this paper, we investigate, for the first time, the numerical implementation of the pseudo-distribution approach for the extraction of zero-skewness GPDs for unpolarized quarks. Pseudo-distributions are Euclidean parton correlators computable in lattice QCD that can be perturbatively matched to the light-cone parton distributions of interest. Being closely related to the quasi-distributions and coming from the same lattice-extracted matrix elements, they are, however, subject to different systematic effects. We use the data previously utilized for quasi-GPDs and extend it with other momentum transfers and nucleon boosts, in particular a higher one ($P_3=1.67$ GeV) with eight-fold larger statistics than the largest one used for quasi-distributions ($P_3=1.25$ GeV). We renormalize the matrix elements with a ratio scheme and match the resulting Ioffe time distributions to the light cone in coordinate space. The matched distributions are then used to reconstruct the $x$-dependence with a fitting ansatz.We investigate some systematic effects related to this procedure, and we also compare the results with the ones obtained in the framework of quasi-GPDs. Our final results involve the invariant four-momentum transfer squared ($-t$) dependence of the flavor non-singlet ($u-d$) $H$ and $E$ GPDs.