One-side Liouville theorems under an exponential growth condition for Kolmogorov operators

TL;DR

This paper proves that under certain conditions, non-negative solutions with exponential growth to a class of hypoelliptic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators are constant, relaxing previous boundedness requirements and extending Liouville theorems.

Contribution

It establishes a one-side Liouville theorem for hypoelliptic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators under exponential growth conditions, broadening the class of solutions considered.

Findings

Non-negative solutions with exponential growth are constant when $Q$ is positive definite and $s(A) \,\le 0$.

Relaxation of boundedness assumption to exponential growth for harmonic functions.

Maintains sharp eigenvalue condition for solutions to be constant.

Abstract

It is known that for a possibly degenerate hypoelliptic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator $$ L= \frac{1}{2}\text{ tr} (QD^2 ) + \langle Ax, D \rangle = \frac{1}{2}\text{ div} (Q D ) + \langle Ax, D \rangle,\;\; x \in R^N, $$ all (globally) bounded solutions of $Lu=0$ on $R^N$ are constant if and only if all the eigenvalues of $A$ have non-positive real parts (i.e., $s(A) \le 0)$. We show that if $Q$ is positive definite and $s(A) \le 0$, then any non-negative solution $v$ of $Lv=0$ on $R^N$ which has at most an exponential growth is indeed constant. Thus under a non-degeneracy condition we relax the boundedness assumption on the harmonic functions and maintain the sharp condition on the eigenvalues of $A$. We also prove a related one-side Liouville theorem in the case of hypoelliptic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators.