A Pilot Study on the Comparison of Prefrontal Cortex Activities of Robotic Therapies on Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

TL;DR

This pilot study compares the effects of human-led and robot-led cognitive therapies on prefrontal cortex activity in elderly with MCI, revealing similar activation patterns but different impacts on memory processes.

Contribution

It introduces a randomized control trial comparing human and robot-led therapies and uses fNIRS to measure brain activity in MCI patients.

Findings

No significant difference between human-led and SAR-led cognitive training on DLPFC activation.

Distinct activation patterns observed during memory encoding and retrieval phases between RT and CT.

Provides preliminary evidence on the neural effects of robotic versus human cognitive interventions in MCI.

Abstract

Demographic shifts have led to an increase in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and this study investigates the effects of cognitive training (CT) and reminiscence therapy (RT) conducted by humans or socially assistive robots (SARs) on prefrontal cortex activation in elderly individuals with MCI, aiming to determine the most effective therapy-modality combination for promoting cognitive function. This pilot study employs a randomized control trial (RCT) design. Additionally, the study explores the efficacy of Reminiscence Therapy (RT) in comparison to Cognitive Training (CT). Eight MCI subjects, with a mean age of 70.125 years, were randomly assigned to ``human-led'' or ``SAR-led'' groups. Utilizing Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure oxy-hemoglobin concentration changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the study found no significant differences in the effects of human-led and SAR-led cognitive training on DLPFC activation. However, distinct patterns emerged in memory encoding and retrieval phases between RT and CT, shedding light on the impacts of these interventions on brain activation in the context of MCI.