Revisiting the fermion-field nontopological solitons

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive framework for calculating fermionic nontopological soliton profiles in particle physics, revealing new formation mechanisms and evolution paths with cosmological implications.

Contribution

It introduces a general relativistic mean field theory approach to fermionic solitons, unifying previous analytical results and exploring new phenomenological aspects.

Findings

Revealed fermion bound states as a subset of fermionic solitons

Derived previous analytical formulae as special cases of the new framework

Highlighted new formation mechanisms and evolution paths for fermionic solitons

Abstract

Nontopological fermionic solitons exist across a diverse range of particle physics models and have rich cosmological implications. This study establishes a general framework for calculating fermionic soliton profiles under arbitrary scalar potentials, utilizing relativistic mean field theory to accurately depict the interaction between the fermion condensate and the background scalar field. Within this framework, the conventional fermion bound states are revealed as a subset of fermionic solitons. In addition, we demonstrate how the analytical formulae in previous studies are derived as special cases of our algorithm, discussing the validity of such approximations. Furthermore, we explore the phenomenology of fermionic solitons, highlighting new formation mechanisms and evolution paths, and reconsidering the possibility of collapse into primordial black holes.