Direct Training Needs Regularisation: Anytime Optimal Inference Spiking Neural Network

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel regularisation technique called Spatial-Temporal Regulariser (STR) for Spiking Neural Networks, enabling adaptive timesteps that improve inference speed and accuracy balance, achieving state-of-the-art results.

Contribution

The paper proposes a new regularisation method, STR, that enhances SNN training for adaptive timesteps, leading to more reliable and faster inference with minimal accuracy loss.

Findings

Achieves 2.14 to 2.89 times faster inference with near-zero accuracy drop.

State-of-the-art performance on both frame-based and event-based datasets.

Effectively balances spatial and temporal information during training.

Abstract

Spiking Neural Network (SNN) is acknowledged as the next generation of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and hold great promise in effectively processing spatial-temporal information. However, the choice of timestep becomes crucial as it significantly impacts the accuracy of the neural network training. Specifically, a smaller timestep indicates better performance in efficient computing, resulting in reduced latency and operations. While, using a small timestep may lead to low accuracy due to insufficient information presentation with few spikes. This observation motivates us to develop an SNN that is more reliable for adaptive timestep by introducing a novel regularisation technique, namely Spatial-Temporal Regulariser (STR). Our approach regulates the ratio between the strength of spikes and membrane potential at each timestep. This effectively balances spatial and temporal performance during training, ultimately resulting in an Anytime Optimal Inference (AOI) SNN. Through extensive experiments on frame-based and event-based datasets, our method, in combination with cutoff based on softmax output, achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of both latency and accuracy. Notably, with STR and cutoff, SNN achieves 2.14 to 2.89 faster in inference compared to the pre-configured timestep with near-zero accuracy drop of 0.50% to 0.64% over the event-based datasets. Code available: https://github.com/Dengyu-Wu/AOI-SNN-Regularisation